what is CD-ROM?define by the microphone and modem?

what is CD-ROM?define by the microphone and modem?

Microphone:                           you must be familial with the microphone that is used with the public address system at public functio... 01:37

Microphone:
                          you must be familial with the microphone that is used with the public address system at public functions. the microphone that is also called a mike is used to convert the speech or voice into electronic signals that can be carried through cable to any distant place. the same microphone can be used with the computer also if your computer has a sound sandblaster.

when you speak on the microphone your voice changes into electronic signals ans goes into the computer. thus you can record your voice in the computer and you can even add various effects in it like echo.
CD-ROM:
                  compact disk-read only memory is a disk that holds the computer programs as well as the audio and video. to run a audio, video or program CD you must have a CD-ROM drive (A machine that plays the CD) in your computer.

1. if you want to see a movie or film or your want to add some new software into the computer, or your want to learn some software, etc., then you can insert the video CD related to that topic into the CD-Drive and play it to get your work done.

MODEM:
                   MODEM is short form of modulator and demodulation. this is used to convert the computer (Digital) signals into telephonic (Analog) signals that can be carried through telephone lines to any distant place. On the other end the modem convert them into their original form (Digital).
Thus MODEM behaves as a matador between two or more computers. if your computer is connected with the network or internet, the MODEM will play a very important role in data communication.

what is printer?explain by the scanner and speaker?

what is printer?explain by the scanner and speaker?

PRINTER:                the printer is a machine connected to the computer to print the output on paper. there are different types of printe... 20:30

PRINTER:
               the printer is a machine connected to the computer to print the output on paper. there are different types of printer, which work on different technologies. Dot Matrix, inkjet and laser printers are very popular technologies which are in use now-a- days.

A Dot matrix printer (DMP) is used for quantity and not for quality printing. This is an economical printer, and used by data processing centers and schools. inkjet printer is used in offices where co-lour printers are needed for demonstration or presentation. it is not very costly but still expensive because after about 500 copies the co-lour cartridge is to be replaced. ho-were, for co-lour prints this printer is very popular in the market.

laser printer is the fastest and the best quality printer but it is very costly. they are useful in publishing houses. the printing technology is similar to that of the xerox machine so the text or graphics printed by this printer are very clear and shop. the printed matter of this page is an example of the laser print.
SCANNER:
                   the scanner is a graphic input device. this device is specially used to transfer pictures and photographs into the computer directly. for the picture or photograph that you want to get into the computer for editing, first put it in the scanner and then, by using some commends, you can get it on the computer screen.
SPEAKER:
                 the speech that you have recorded in the computer can be listened to by using speakers. speakers convert the electronic signals into the audio (sound). if you want to listen any music or song, you can insert  the audio CD or CD-ROM drive and play it. thus you can listen the music or song through the speaker.

what is the meaning of the word peripherals? what is the use of the mouse?

what is the meaning of the word peripherals? what is the use of the mouse?

                  THE PERIPHERALS the word peripherals means things placed around any device when we talk about the computer, technically we... 01:50

                  THE PERIPHERALS
the word peripherals means things placed around any device when we talk about the computer, technically we talk about the system unit or CPU rest of the parts which are put around the computer and connector and connected to it are known as peripherals.
there are numbers of peripherals used with the computers. so we should know about some of the important peripherals.
KEYBOARD:
                        the keyboard is a very essential peripheral to work with the computer. it is used to enter words and numbers into the computer just like typing on an electronic typewriter. all the available keyboards are similar in function but the layout can be different hence they can hold 101, 102, 104, 105, 106 or 108 keys.
MOUSE:
                  Mouse is a pointing device. it looks like a small soap case and has a cable that looks like the tail of a mouse. it does not looks like a mouse but it is called a mouse due to its quick movement on the screen. a tilt arrow represents the mouse on the screen which is known as pointer.

when you skip (drag) the mouse on the mouse pad, the pointer moves on the screen accordingly.this is after placing the pointer on any option. you can press the click button of the mouse which will work as you have typed the command on the keyboard and press the Enter key.
MONITOR:
                      the monitor, which looks like a portable television, is the main output device of the computer. it keeps an eye on each and every movement happening in the computer and displays them on the screen. all the inputs and outputs can be seen on the monitor screen. Moreover the message given by the computer can be seen which helps us in correcting mistakes.

all the modern monitors are based on VGA (Video Graphic Array) technology that provides very good quality of display. your monitor is mono chrome (black and white) or color, it must be controlled with VGA card installed in your CPU. Otherwise you will not be able to run the latest software.

what is ip address? explain by the displaying icon local area network.

what is ip address? explain by the displaying icon local area network.

DISPLAYING ICON LOCAL AREA NETWORK:                                                                       let us open of the computers which... 03:09

DISPLAYING ICON LOCAL AREA NETWORK:

                                                                      let us open of the computers which is physically connected. first of all, let us display the icon at the notification area that shows the information about the LAN which the respective computer is connected to.

 for this:
1.   click on start menu.
2.    click on my network places.
3.     click on view network connections.
2.      select and right click the local area connection.
5.     click properties ( this will display the properties window of local area connection).
6.     check right the box with the statement 'show icon in notification area when connected'.
7.     click OK.

now when your computer is connected to the network, the icon will be visible in the notification area.
local area connection is now connected at speed of 100 Mbps. let us example  some interesting information about the local area network ( LAN ) with the help of this icon.

at any time, if you will place the cursor on this icon, (for few seconds), it will tell you that:
1.    it is an icon for local area network.
2.     its speed is 100 Mbps
 LAN is currently connected.

the display window will provide you the following information:
1.   LAN is connected.
2.     now long this computer has been connected  to the network (duration).
3.     speed.
4.     this is the information about the activity of LAN. it tells how many pakets of information have been sent and received a computer.
5.     properties is clicked to explore the properties of connection(discussed latter).
6.      you have can disable the network connection of a computer by clicking tab.

IP ADDRESS:
                   now let us revise some of the topics we learnt in classes.
1.     select 'support' tab by clicking on it.
2.     just like phone numbers, every computer needs a unique number in a network. this unique number is actually the IP Address assign to the computer.
computer needs a language to communicate with others. do you remember this we discussed in classes? intact, this the language used by the network.  this language is known as protocol.
3.   to view the protocol used by your network:
click on general tap the click properties. the are several other information available here but they are beyond the scope of this book. so we shall not discuss them.

if the icon at the notification area is showing that LAN is working, it doesn't mean that now you can use it for data or resource sharing.

do you mean by print command with mathematical operators?

do you mean by print command with mathematical operators?

PRINT COMMAND WITH MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS:        in LOGO, there are four basic mathematical operations that can be performed:     OPERATION... 07:25

PRINT COMMAND WITH MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS:
       in LOGO, there are four basic mathematical operations that can be performed:
    OPERATION                                                                                               OPERATORS
Addition                                                                                                                  +
subtraction                                                                                                             _
Multiplication                                                                                                           *
Division                                                                                                                      /
let's use each operator and see how it will be used with the PRINT primitive.
Addition (+):
                        addition command is used when two (or more) numbers need to be added.
syntax:                  PRINT < nl > + < n2>
where <nl > and <N2> are two numbers that will be added to find their sum.
example:         PRINT   2+3    =5
you can have as many numbers to add as you want, as shown in figure 2.
SUBTRACTION ( _ ):
                                  subtraction command is used when difference of two ( or more ) numbers needs to be found.           PRINT < nl > - < 2l >
where <nl> and <n2> are two numbers that will be subtracted to find their difference.
example,           PRINT 30 _ 20 =   10
you can have as many numbers to subtract as you want, as figure 3 shows.
Multiplication ( * ):
                                   multiplication command is used to multiply two ( or more ) numbers.
syntax:                          PRINT < NL > * < N2 >
EXAMPLE,                      PRINT 5 *6 =      30

Division ( / ): 
                       Division command is used to divide the first number by the second.
Syntax:                                      PRINT <NL> / <N2>
where <nl> is the dividend and <n2> is the divisor.
example:                         PRINT 30/6 =     5

Make changes in the following program and see what different sound can be produced:make ''zing [ ] repeat 50 [make ''zing Iput rep-count *10 :zing make ''zing iput 100 :zing] sound:zing.

Make changes in the following program and see what different sound can be produced:make ''zing [ ] repeat 50 [make ''zing Iput rep-count *10 :zing make ''zing iput 100 :zing] sound:zing.

Use index searches to find appropriate topics: LOGO Help is complete resource for a new (LOGO) user,or an expert. It contains command syntax... 20:42

Use index searches to find appropriate topics:
LOGO Help is complete resource for a new (LOGO) user,or an expert. It contains command syntax's,practical advice,tutorials,and demonstrations to help you learn new things bout LOGO.The Table of Contents,like the TOC of this book,is used to find the topic of your interest .

It consist of three parts:                  
1.   Getting Started:This is the shortest section of LOGO help topics.It contains 'Why LOGO'and                     'Where to Start' sections.They  give a brief introduction of LOGO, and simple examples containing commands/primitives for beginners.
2. using the graphical user interface: this section consists of five subheadings, which help LOGO user to understand and get familiar with its GUL.
3.    using the language: this is the longest section in LOGO help topics. it contains details of how to use the LOGO language.

this section consists of advanced primitive and functions that help programmers write batter programs.
if, for any reason, you not able to locate your LOGO topics, an index search will help you find your desired information.
let's take an example.  you come across the following program:
make "zing [ ]
repeat 50 [make ''zing Iput recount* 10 :zing make ''zing Iput 100 :zing]
sound :zing
now, be the looks of the program, you know that it will make some kind of sound. you are familiar with LOGO primitives such as 'repeat' and 'sound'. but you have not come across primitives such as 'make',Iput' and 'recount'. this is where the LOGO index comes handy.

let's take the primitive 'recount' and see how a find its usage and syntax.
1.     open the 'help' menu.
2.       click on 'index'.
3.        enter 'recount' (via keyboard). as you types, the index  display area will keep on changing, until your desired topic is displayed.

what is formatting hard disk?deference between VIRUS and WORM?

what is formatting hard disk?deference between VIRUS and WORM?

FORMATTING HARD DISKS:                                                       the primary storage devices on a computer are hard disk. they n... 23:03

FORMATTING HARD DISKS:
                                                      the primary storage devices on a computer are hard disk. they need to be formatted before they can be used.formatting a disk means to prepare the disk with a file system so that windows can store information on the disk.(A file system is a method for storing and organizing computer files.) hard disk in new computers running windows are already formatted. if you purchase an additional hard to expand the storage of your computer, you may need to format it.
please remember  that formatting arrases any existing files on a hard disk. if you format a hard disk that has files on it, he files well be deleted, so be careful.
MAKING BACKUPS:
                                       as the name suggests, a file backup is copy a file that is stored in a separate location form the original. backing up our files helps to protect them form being permanently lost or changed in the event we accidentally delete them. VIRUS and WORM attacks and software/hardware failures are other reasons why we need to backup our files. if any of these accidents occur and your files are backed up., you can easily store them.
we should back up anything at would be difficult or impossible to replace, and do it on a regular basis. pictures, videos, documents and records are examples of files that should be backed up.
RESTORING SYSTEM TO PREVIOUS DATES:
                                                                              a load of viruses (and worms, etc.) attack system file. damage to the file is so great that they connect be saved. sometime, while installing software, an unexpected error
  in the computer may cause it to behave strangely. the problem is not even fixed softer the software is uninstalled.the only solution is to restore the system to a previous date.
system restore, a feature of MS windows, regularly creates restore points. these points are saved by data and time, using the system clock. they contain information about system settings, and other information that windows uses. system restore does not affect personal file such as e-mails, documents and photos.

deference by computer hardware and software?explain by introduction to hardware?

deference by computer hardware and software?explain by introduction to hardware?

INTRODUCTION TO HARDWARE :                in the previous class we have already studied the definition of computer and its basic components,... 08:38

INTRODUCTION TO HARDWARE :
               in the previous class we have already studied the definition of computer and its basic components, we will review them here.
"A computer is an electronic machine which processes raw data  (Input) into meaningful information (output) and also stores output for later use."
A computer works with the help of its components. The components of  a computer consist of hardware and software.
       Components of a computer
1.  Software
2.  Hardware

SOFTWARE:
                      Software is the set of instructions given to the computer to perform specific task. A software is also called a computer program. For example , Microsoft windows, Ms word, core draw, device drivers, etc.
HARDWARE:
                       The physical parts of the computer that we can see and touch are known as hardware. These include the input and output devices as well as the system unit.
. Input devices:
                           Devices which are used to enter data Into a computer are known as input devices,e.g. keyboard, mouse, microphone, scan
ner, digital camera, etc.
.   OUTPUT DEVICES:
                                     Devices which are used to display / present output are called output devices, e.g. monitor, printer, speakers, etc.
.    Storage devices:
                                  Storage devices hold data and instructions permanently e.g. floppy disk, hard disk, CD/DVD, USB flash drive, etc.
COMMUNICATION DEVICES:
                                                   Devices which are used to communicate and connect a computer with other computers are known as communication devices e.g. modem.

why are software's installed before use? you make mistakenly installed software that needs to be removed now. mention the three steps that will removed the software from your system.explain by uninstalling software?

why are software's installed before use? you make mistakenly installed software that needs to be removed now. mention the three steps that will removed the software from your system.explain by uninstalling software?

INSTALLING SOFTWARE'S:                                         Most software programs require that you first install them on your comput... 05:49

INSTALLING SOFTWARE'S:
                                        Most software programs require that you first install them on your computer before using them. for example, if you by Microsoft office, you need to install it on your computer before you can run any of the included programs such as MS word or MS excel. you can install software form a CD or DVD, an external hard drive, or from a networked computer.you can also install a program or software update form a file downloaded from the internet.
before installation it is wise to cred a restore point ( discussed later). this saves important computer from damage in the event of computer breakdown. installing a software program writes the necessary data for running the program on your hard drive. installing software is usually a simple process. it involves double-clicking an installer icon and then clicking "I Agree" when the license agreement appears on screen.
you may have to choose what

 directory on your hard disk you would like to install the software in, but often the installer will even choose that for you.
windows vista, the latest OS by Microsoft windows, is also a system software that is installed before use. like many software's, it comes in edition. they are business, home basic, home premium, and ultimate.
UNINSTALLING SOFTWARE'S:
                                                if a software program or game is no longer being used or additional space is required, it may be necessary to uninstall it. remember, uninstall is different from deleting a file / folder. there are software that are simply deleted if their removal is necessary, but they are few. ( the Urdu typing software in-page is an example.) most software have to be uninstalled. file have to be removed not just from the parent folder, but also from other places.
there are utilities in Microsoft windows that allow you to efficiently uninstall software's. in MS windows XP and versions before it, this utility was called " Add or remove programs". in MS windows Vista, it is called "program and features".
the instructions given below, to uninstall software, are for MS windows XP.
1.   Click start, click control panel, and then double-click add or remove programs.
2.    in the currently installed programs box, click the program that you want to remove, and then click remove.
3.     if you are prompted to confirm the removal of te program, click yes.

explain by the delete file and folder and restore file / folder? do you mean by copy file.

explain by the delete file and folder and restore file / folder? do you mean by copy file.

DELETE FILE AND FOLDERS:                                                   Delete means to erase or remove. this commands is usually used to... 09:37

DELETE FILE AND FOLDERS:
                                                  Delete means to erase or remove. this commands is usually used to erase file and folders that are unwanted, duplicate or have been ruined by some means. it is also used to free-up  valuable disk space. as previously described, windows XP will not allow some file and folders to be deleted. here's how to delete the remaining ones:
right click a file or folder, and click on delete.
press delete key on the keyboard when cursor is on a file
or folder.
RESTORE FILE / FOLDERS:


                                              a safety measure in windows XP, and some versions before it, is the recycle bin. if you accidentally delete a file or folder , it is temporarily stored on the recycle bin, from where it can be restored to its original location. to restore a file or folder, open recycle bin. right click on the particular file that needs to be restored, then click on 'restore'.

To permanently remove files from the computer and reclaim any hard disk space they were using, you need to permanently delete files from the recycle bin. you can choose to delete individual files from the recycle bin or empty the entire recycle bin at once. please keep in mains that once a file is deleted from the recycle bin, in con-no be restored. therefore, be careful while deleting a file or folder.
COPY FILES:
                      this is one of the valuable features of Microsoft windows. it saves a lot of time and energy. there are more many ways to copy files. some of them are:
1.  use the shortcut Ctrl + C (press Ctrl key and then C key) to copy the file / folder from its original location. now use Ctrl + V (press Ctrl and V respective ly) to paste the file / folder to its new location.
Another feature in windows is the CUT. it does not duplication a file or folder, but is only used to change its location. Ctrl + X is its  shortcut.
1.     right click the mouse on the file / folder to be copied. choose cut / copy. right click on the new location, and choose paste.
2.     you can also open the file (that needs to be copied) and click on save as, then choose the new location, and the click on OK.